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  Sáez-Araoz, R.; Krammer, J.; Harndt, S.; Koehler, T.; Krueger, M.; Pistor, P.; Jasenek, A.; Hergert, F.; Lux-Steiner, M.Ch.; Fischer, C.-H.: ILGAR In₂S₃ buffer layers for Cd-free Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ solar cells with certified efficiencies above 16%. Progress in Photovoltaics 20 (2012), p. 855-861

10.1002/pip.2268
Open Access version by external provider

Abstract:
In2S3 buffer layers have been prepared using the spray ion layer gas reaction deposition technique for chalcopyrite-based thin-film solar cells. These buffers deposited on commercially available Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorbers have resulted in solar cells with certified record efficiencies of 16.1%, clearly higher than the corresponding CdS-buffered references. The deposition process has been optimized, and the resulting cells have been studied using current–voltage and quantum efficiency analysis and compared with previous record cells, cells with a thermally evaporated In2S3 buffer layer and CdS references.