HZB coordinates European collaboration to develop active agents against Corona
The MX team at BESSY II specialises in analysing protein structures. This can also accelerate the development of drugs against COVID-19. © HZB
X-ray structure analysis at BESSY II enables the systematic testing of many thousands of molecules that could inhibit the reproduction and virulence of SARS-CoV2 viruses. Now, a team at HZB with partners from Austria and the Czech Republic has set up the NECESSITY project to investigate more than 8000 compounds in a high-throughput procedure and develop active agents against COVID-19.
The COVID-19 pandemic is far from over. Despite the rapid development of vaccines, it is not possible, for various reasons, to give everyone lasting protection through vaccination quickly enough. But so far, there are hardly any effective drugs for patients severely affected by COVID-19. Therapy is mainly limited to the administration of steroid drugs to control the immune reaction and artificial respiration.
Researchers around HZB-scientist Dr. Christian Feiler have initiated a three-party European research study termed NECESSITY, led by project partner Prof. Dr. Klaus Scheffzek (Med. University Innsbruck, Austria). Their goal is to investigate detailed interactions between Sars-CoV-2 proteins and chemical compounds developed and provided by Dr. Vladimír Kryštof (Palacký University Olomouc, the Czech Republic), using structural and biochemical approaches. X-ray structure analysis at BESSY II enables the systematic testing of many thousands of molecules that could inhibit the reproduction and virulence of SARS-CoV2 viruses. This research is funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), the German Research Foundation (DFG), and the Czech Science Foundation (GACR).
At the light source BESSY II, which is operated by HZB, the structural analysis of macromolecules provides a fantastic tool to accelerate the development of effective substances against the SARS-CoV2 virus. The three-dimensional structure of the so-called viral main protease was determined at BESSY II for the first time at the beginning of 2020. This enzyme is indispensable for virus replication. However, it is not sufficient to investigate this one target, which is why several viral target proteins are being addressed in the NECESSITY project. The consortium will explore more than 8000 compounds at the MX-beamlines of BESSY II in a high-throughput procedure and identify substances from them that could dock to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 or other target proteins. These drug-like candidates originate from a unique library generated and collected by Dr. Vladimír Kryštof, Palacký University Olomouc. All compounds are either already approved for the treatment of other diseases or are in various clinical phases. If hits were to come out of this, it would be possible to develop drugs against COVID-19 remarkably quickly. Prof. Dr. Klaus Scheffzek and his team at the Medical University in Innsbruck can investigate the hit compounds in detail using biophysical methods and initiate the first virological studies. Prof. Dr. Christian Drosten, Director of the Institute of Virology at Charité Berlin, and other experts are also on board as advisors and partners.
"In the NECESSITY project, we bring together expertise from different fields," says Feiler. "Together, we have planned a very efficient interdisciplinary workflow to identify antiviral substances that can be used as effective drugs against COVID-19 and beyond as quickly as possible."
The project is funded by the German Research Foundation and the corresponding funding organizations in Austria and the Czech Republic for 36 months with almost 800,000 Euros.
- Battery research with the HZB X-ray microscopeNew cathode materials are being developed to further increase the capacity of lithium batteries. Multilayer lithium-rich transition metal oxides (LRTMOs) offer particularly high energy density. However, their capacity decreases with each charging cycle due to structural and chemical changes. Using X-ray methods at BESSY II, teams from several Chinese research institutions have now investigated these changes for the first time with highest precision: at the unique X-ray microscope, they were able to observe morphological and structural developments on the nanometre scale and also clarify chemical changes.
- BESSY II: New procedure for better thermoplasticsBio-based thermoplastics are produced from renewable organic materials and can be recycled after use. Their resilience can be improved by blending bio-based thermoplastics with other thermoplastics. However, the interface between the materials in these blends sometimes requires enhancement to achieve optimal properties. A team from the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands has now investigated at BESSY II how a new process enables thermoplastic blends with a high interfacial strength to be made from two base materials: Images taken at the new nano station of the IRIS beamline showed that nanocrystalline layers form during the process, which increase material performance.
- Hydrogen: Breakthrough in alkaline membrane electrolysersA team from the Technical University of Berlin, HZB, IMTEK (University of Freiburg) and Siemens Energy has developed a highly efficient alkaline membrane electrolyser that approaches the performance of established PEM electrolysers. What makes this achievement remarkable is the use of inexpensive nickel compounds for the anode catalyst, replacing costly and rare iridium. At BESSY II, the team was able to elucidate the catalytic processes in detail using operando measurements, and a theory team (USA, Singapore) provided a consistent molecular description. In Freiburg, prototype cells were built using a new coating process and tested in operation. The results have been published in the prestigious journal Nature Catalysis.