Holes in valence bands of nanodiamonds discovered
Nanodiamonds are tiny crystals only a few nanometres in size. Mohamed Sennour, MINES ParisTech.
Dr. Tristan Petit (right side) received a C’Nano award under the category of interdisciplinary research for his doctoral dissertation in late 2014. Credit C'Nano © C'Nano
Researchers hope that their properties might be altered to permit nanodiamonds to be used as catalysts for generating hydrogen from sunlight
Nanodiamonds are tiny crystals only a few nanometres in size. While they possess the crystalline structure of diamonds, their properties diverge considerably from those of their big brothers, because their surfaces play a dominant role in comparison to their extremely small volumes. Suspended in aqueous solutions, they could function as taxis for active substances in biomedical applications, for example, or be used as catalysts for splitting water. But how are the electronic properties of nanodiamonds deposited on a solid-state substrate different from those displayed by nanodiamonds in aqueous solutions? Dr. Tristan Petit working in the HZB team headed by Prof. Emad F. Aziz has now investigated this with the help of absorption and emission spectroscopy at BESSY II. Their results, just published in Nanoscale, demonstrate that nanodiamonds display valence holes in aqueous solutions, which are not observed when characterized as a thin film.
“The interaction between the nanodiamonds and the neighbouring molecules and ions is especially strong in water”, say Petit. The adsorption of active pharmaceutical ingredients on nanodiamonds can be influenced, for example, by adding salts or changing the pH value. Petit and his colleagues have now discovered that the electronic signature of surface states of nanodiamonds in aqueous dispersions are considerably different from those of nanodiamonds on a solid-state substrate.
With the help of micro-jet technology developed by Emad Aziz at HZB, they examined liquid samples in vacuum using X-ray spectroscopy and developed a detailed picture of the filled and unfilled electron states in valence and conduction bands. Their results show that holes, i.e. missing electrons in the valence band, formed on the surfaces of the nanodiamonds in the aqueous dispersion. “This suggests that electrons at the surface of nanodiamonds are donated to the surrounding water molecules”, Petit suggests. The physicists suspect they might also influence the nanoparticles’ chemical, optical, and catalytic properties through changes to their electronic structure. They would like to determine in future studies whether the catalytic effect of nanodiamonds in aqueous environment can be increased in order to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen using light.
Reference: Valence holes observed in nanodiamonds dispersed in water, Tristan Petit, Mika Pflüger, Daniel Tolksdorf, Jie Xiao and Emad Flear Aziz, Nanoscale, 2015, DOI: 10.1039/C4NR06639A
Postscript: Dr. Tristan Petit received a C’Nano award under the category of interdisciplinary research for his doctoral dissertation in late 2014. Several research institutions in France have amalgamated under the umbrella organisation C’Nano to conduct research and development on nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.
For his doctoral work, Tristan Petit conducted research at the Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (CEA LIST Saclay) on properties of nanodiamonds and their potential suitability for cancer treatment. Dr. Tristan Petit has been pursuing research on a team under Prof. Emad Flear Aziz at HZB through a postdoctoral grant from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (since summer 2013).
More information on the C’Nano Doctoral awards:
- Ernst Eckhard Koch Prize and Innovation Award on Synchrotron Radiation 2025At the 27th BESSY@HZB User Meeting, the Friends of HZB honoured the dissertation of Dr Enggar Pramanto Wibowo (Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg). The Innovation Award on Synchrotron Radiation 2025 went to Prof. Tim Salditt (Georg-August-University Göttingen) and Professors Danny D. Jonigk and Maximilian Ackermann (both, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen University).
- Synchrotron radiation sources: toolboxes for quantum technologiesSynchrotron radiation sources generate highly brilliant light pulses, ranging from infrared to hard X-rays, which can be used to gain deep insights into complex materials. An international team has now published an overview on synchrotron methods for the further development of quantum materials and technologies in the journal Advanced Functional Materials: Using concrete examples, they show how these unique tools can help to unlock the potential of quantum technologies such as quantum computing, overcome production barriers and pave the way for future breakthroughs.
- Peat as a sustainable precursor for fuel cell catalyst materialsIron-nitrogen-carbon catalysts have the potential to replace the more expensive platinum catalysts currently used in fuel cells. This is shown by a study conducted by researchers from the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and universities in Tartu and Tallinn, Estonia. At BESSY II, the team observed the formation of complex microstructures within various samples. They then analysed which structural parameters were particularly important for fostering the preferred electrochemical reactions. The raw material for such catalysts is well decomposed peat.