BESSY II electron highway gets second lane
The picture illustrates a hypothetical highway with the second path winding around the first one. Experimenters at the beamlines could then either use the dense sequence of light pulses from the primary electron path or select individual light pulses from the secondary orbital track. © Heike Cords/HZB
The particle accelerator team at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) has demonstrated that BESSY II, the 3rd generation synchrotron radiation source in Berlin, can be operated with not just one, but two simultaneous electron paths. By precisely tuning the magnetic components, physicists can create an additional orbital path. Packets of electrons can travel along it and emit intense light pulses at the experiment stations. This could provide the user community with the option to select light pulses from either path as needed in their experiments. The newly developed orbital mode has already been stably implemented and initial tests at the experiment stations (beamlines) show promising results. HZB is the first to enter this new territory and at the same time has reached another milestone in its pioneering BESSY-VSR project.
In simplest terms, the path of the electrons in BESSY II is comparable to a highway with only a single lane up to now. The packets of electrons in the storage ring would correspond to convoys of cars that travel along this circular route while flashing their headlights at specific locations to provide the experiments along the beamlines with pulses of light. Now a team from the HZB Institute for Accelerator Physics has established a second lane in which individual packets of electrons circulate.
Full control
Using special settings of the magnetic focussing componentry, an additional orbit is formed within the storage ring in addition to the original one, winding around it. “We are able to precisely monitor and control the packets of electrons this way and implement basically any desired fill pattern”, says Prof. Andreas Jankowiak, who heads the HZB Institute for Accelerator Physics. The physicists refer to the sequence of the electron packets and intervals between them as the fill pattern. Staying with the analogy of a highway, a fill pattern could be regarded as individual cars or convoys, all separated at specific intervals, for example.
More options for science community
This advance will considerably broaden the features offered by BESSY II to the user community, and extend the methods available today for selecting individual light pulses. For example, one could use the new technique to fill the primary electron path with groups of electron packets that produce light pulses in rapid succession, while placing individual electron packets in the secondary orbit. These would then generate light pulses with longer intervals, which is ideal for quite a few experiments.
Outlook BESSY-VSR
Jankowiak adds: “This advance is immediately of use for us in our BESSY-VSR (variable storage ring) upgrade project as well. We expect to be able to generate ultra-short as well as longer light pulses with BESSY-VSR, which we could then insert into the two different electron paths.”
The paper was presented on IPAC 2015:
- BESSY II: How intrinsic oxygen shortens the lifespan of solid-state batteriesAlthough solid-state batteries (SSBs) demonstrate high performance and are intrinsically safe, their capacity currently declines rapidly. A team from the TU Wien, Humboldt-University Berlin and HZB has now analysed a TiS₂|Li₃YCl₆ solid-state half-cell in operando at BESSY II using a special sample environment that allows for non-destructive investigation under real operating conditions. Data obtained by combination of soft and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and HAXPES) revealed a new degradation mechanism that had not previously been identified in solid-state batteries. They have gained some surprising insights, particularly regarding the harmful role played by intrinsic oxygen. This study provides valuable information for improving design and handling of such batteries.
- Spintronics at BESSY II: Real-time analysis of magnetic bilayer systemsSpintronic devices enable data processing with significantly lower energy consumption. They are based on the interaction between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers. Now, a team from Freie Universität Berlin, HZB and Uppsala University has succeeded in tracking, for each layer separately, how the magnetic order changes after a short laser pulse has excited the system. They were also able to identify the main cause of the loss of antiferromagnetic order in the oxide layer: the excitation is transported from the hot electrons in the ferromagnetic metal to the spins in the antiferromagnet.
- Environmental Chemistry at BESSY II: Radicals in waterwaysHow do radicals form in aqueous solutions when exposed to UV light? This question is important for health research and environmental protection, for example with regard to the overfertilisation of water bodies by intensive agriculture. A team at BESSY II has now developed a new method of investigating hydroxyl radicals in solution. By using a clever trick, the scientists gained surprising insights into the reaction pathway.