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  Allsop, N.A.; Schönmann, A.; Muffler, H.-J.; Bär, M.; Lux-Steiner, M.C.; Fischer, Ch.-H.: Spray-ILGAR indium sulfide buffers for Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂ solar cells. Progress in Photovoltaics 13 (2005), p. 607-616

10.1002/pip.655

Abstract:
Thin film indium sulfide buffer layers have been prepared using the Spray-ILGAR technique for use in chalcopyrite solar cells. Buffers deposited on commercially grown Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorbers have produced cells reaching a certified efficiency of 14.7% and average efficiencies matching the reference solar cells prepared with a conventional cadmium sulfide buffer layer. The process parameters have been optimized and the resulting cells have been studied using current-voltage and temperature-illumination dependent current-voltage analysis as well as quantum efficiency measurements.