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  Fuertes Marrón, D.; Sadewasser, S.; Meeder, A.; Glatzel, Th.; Lux-Steiner, M.Ch.: Electrical activity at grain boundaries of Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ thin films. Physical Review B 71 (2005), p. 033306/1-4

10.1103/PhysRevB.71.033306

Abstract:
There is a renewed interest in the electrical activity at grain boundaries in relation to the outstanding performance of thin film solar cells on the basis of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 . We observed electrical activity at grain boundaries of CuGaSe2 thin films by locally resolved work function measurements, using Kelvin probe force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum on in-situ prepared surfaces. By means of their electrical activity under illumination, we identify different types of grain boundaries, presumably associated to different crystallite orientations. A comprehensive discussion on the applicability of different models is presented.